European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology (CKDu) is a significant health concern affecting specific regions, particularly agricultural communities. This prospective study, conducted over one year at a tertiary care center, aimed to comprehensively investigate CKDu by evaluating demographic, clinical, laboratory, and environmental factors. Methods: A total of 150 CKDu patients and 150 control group participants were enrolled to explore this enigmatic disease. Demographic analysis highlighted the prevalence of CKDu in rural, agriculturally engaged individuals. Clinical characteristics revealed distinct symptoms and clinical markers, while laboratory results unveiled key biochemical differences. Occupational history and environmental exposures were assessed to identify potential risk factors. Results: CKDu patients exhibited elevated proteinuria levels, reduced eGFR, and heightened blood pressure, emphasizing the clinical impact. Laboratory findings confirmed renal dysfunction with elevated serum creatinine, BUN, and albuminuria. Occupational and environmental factors highlighted longer agricultural work durations, pesticide/herbicide exposure, and variations in water sources among CKDu patients. Conclusion: This study underscores the multifaceted nature of CKDu, where demographic, clinical, and environmental factors intersect to contribute to its pathogenesis. A strong association between proteinuria and CKDu was observed, emphasizing its diagnostic relevance. These findings call for targeted interventions and preventive measures in high-risk regions, acknowledging the need for a comprehensive approach to manage and mitigate the impact of CKDu on affected communities.