European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Birth asphyxia is defined by the occurrence of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis, resulting in systemic disruptions, potentially including electrolyte imbalances, in newborn infants. The acquisition of knowledge pertaining to electrolyte disturbances is of significant worth, as it serves as a crucial determinant impacting perinatal morbidity, mortality, and the subsequent course of treatment. Material and Methods: The study described herein is a one-year prospective case-control investigation that took place within the Department of Pediatrics located in central India. A total of 80 newborns, consisting of 40 in the study group and 40 in the control group, were included in the study.The diagnosis of birth asphyxia was determined through the utilization of the APGAR score, while the diagnosis of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy was established by employing the SARNAT staging system.The renal parameters, including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum electrolytes from blood samples, and urine sodium and urine potassium from urine samples, were assessed in all the newborns. Results: Total 80 newborns out of which 40 were included in study group and 40 were included in control group. Out of 40 asphyxiated newborn 25(62.5%) were males and 15(37.5%) female. So there was higher incidence seen in the male babies. The BUN levels were 28+8.98 in the asphyxiated newborns as compared to controls who had BUN level was 20.3+2.65 and it was statistically significant. BUN level was higher among cases as compared to control and it was statistically significant.The mean serum creatinine levels were 1.7+0.29 in case group and 1.12+0.4 in control and it was statistically significant difference between both the groups. Conclusion: Perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of neonatal renal failure. Monitoring of blood levels of urea, serum creatinine, serum calcium and urine output helps in the early diagnosis and management of renal failure in birth asphyxia. Serum electrolytes levels and renal parameters had a linear correlation with severity of birth asphyxia.