European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Introduction: Cancer of the cervix is an increasing health problem and an important cause of mortality in women worldwide. Early cervical epithelial changes can be identified by a Pap smear test, which is the primary screening test for detection of precancerous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and the early stage of invasive cervical cancer. Due to widespread screening programs, there has been a significant reduction in mortality from cervical cancer in developed countries