European Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of metabolic disorders closely linked to the risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). The clustering of cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, abdominal obesity, and elevated blood glucose makes MetS a significant predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MetS components in patients diagnosed with CAD and explore their correlation. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over six months at KLE Hospital, Belgaum, Karnataka, involving 50 CAD patients. The diagnosis of MetS was based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, which requires at least three of the following components: abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting blood glucose, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol. Data was collected through clinical history, demographic information, biochemical analysis, and coronary angiography. Results: The study found that 60% of the patients were male, with a significant proportion being between 40-59 years old (50%). The most common components of MetS were abdominal obesity (80%), high blood pressure (70%), and high triglycerides (60%). Among patients with MetS, 83.33% had CAD, compared to only 25% in those without MetS. Other common risk factors for CAD included hypertension (50%), sedentary lifestyle (44%), and diabetes (40%). Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome was strongly associated with coronary artery disease in the study group. The high prevalence of MetS components, particularly abdominal obesity and high blood pressure, highlights their critical role in the development of CAD. The study underscores the importance of early detection and intervention in patients with MetS to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.

Background: The most prevalent cause of anaemia in the world is iron deficiency, and there aren't many thorough studies looking at the factors that help or hinder oral iron therapy. Our goal is to identify the variables that influence how well oral iron therapy works for iron deficiency anaemia. Methods: An observational study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital on children aged 12 to 60 months. Of the 405 children who were screened, 208 were eligible for oral iron therapy and were administered oral iron at a dose of 3 milligrams per kilogram per day. The study was reviewed after two months, and a thorough questionnaire was given to parents to examine the factors influencing iron therapy. The information was then analyzed using Excel sheets, and correlation was computed using the SPSS program version 20.0. Results: In contrast, children who took iron on an empty stomach and in conjunction with vitamin C-rich foods had a significant increase in haemoglobin levels. After two months of oral iron therapy, IDA was corrected in 68.98% of cases. Factors that contributed to an unsatisfactory outcome with iron therapy included malnutrition, gastrointestinal side effects, history of low birth weight, previous hospital admissions, and children who consumed tea, milk, or food with iron therapy. Conclusions: Tea and coffee should be avoided while a child is on iron therapy. Careful counselling of parents and children is essential for the effective management of IDA with oral iron therapy. A number of modifiable factors influence adherence and the results of oral iron therapy.

Background: Malaria in children is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity in the tropical nation of India. The purpose of the study was to assessment of Clinical Profile, Diagnosis, and Treatment Outcome of Malaria in Children. Methods: A one-year prospective analytical study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital for the same purpose (September 2012 to September 2013). Following ethical approval and parental consent, all children under the age of twelve who were admitted to the hospital with a fever and who were later diagnosed with malaria by peripheral smear or RDT were included in the study. Ninety was the total sample size. Results: 3.5% of all admitted patients during our study period had malaria. The age group of 13 to 5 years old had the highest percentage of malaria patients (40%) and the age group of 10 to 12 years old had the lowest (7.7%).  According to the study, the most common complaint was fever, which was followed by chills and rigor. The least frequent was bleeding diathesis. Our study revealed that, among the 35 patients (38.8%), anemia or pallor was the most prevalent clinical finding overall. Nearly 73.3% (66) of the patients had anemia, of whom 14.4% (13 patients) had severe anemia overall, 27.7% (25) had moderate anemia, and 31.1% (28 patients) had mild anemia. Twenty-five cases, or 27.7%, met at least one WHO severe malaria criterion. Conclusions: Planning community-wide malaria control programs may be significantly impacted by the emergence of severe malaria caused by P. vivax. According to WHO guidelines, the widespread use of ACT for severe malaria may lead to the emergence of parasite strains that are resistant.  Because P. vivax in is found in areas that are sensitive to chloroquine, it might make sense to keep using it to treat malaria.   To reduce morbidity and mortality from severe malaria, measures must be equally directed towards P. vivax in areas where P. falciparum and P. vivax co-exist.